Till the beginning of twentieth century Marthomites lived in a few districts of Central Travancore and Kunnamkulam of the southern Indian state of Kerala. The Church currently has around 4,000,000 members. The body of believers who separated from the ancient Syriac Orthodox Church of Malankara after being influenced by Protestantism, organised themselves as the Marthoma Syrian Church in the later half of 19th century. The Church's theology was greatly influenced by the English missionaries in the 19th century. The Mar Thoma Church states that it is the continuation of the original Malankara Church of the Saint Thomas Christians and that it still follows the ancient customs and traditions. The Mar Thoma Church claims its roots from the original Malankara Church which was established by Thomas the Apostle at the same time as Saint Paul established the church in Corinth.

It is currently in communion with the Anglican Communion and the Malabar Independent Syrian Church. Its regular work as well as special projects are almost entirely financed by contributions from its members at home and abroad. One of the Saint Thomas Christian churches tracing its origins to the missionary activity of Thomas the Apostle, the Mar Thoma Church defines itself as 'Apostolic in origin, Universal in nature, Biblical in faith, Evangelical in principle, Ecumenical in outlook, Oriental in worship, Democratic in function, and Episcopal in character.'. The Mar Thoma Church (official name: The Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church) is a Christian denomination based in Kerala, the south-western state of India.

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